AERIAL TREATMENT:
The treatment by aircraft of qualified spray blocks with an approved pesticide.
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE (APHIS):
The USDA agency responsible for regulating materials which have potential for
artificially moving the gypsy moth out of quarantined areas, for conducting
a national gypsy moth survey, and for eradicating isolated infestations of the
gypsy moth.
BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS (Bt): A bacterium that
occurs naturally in the soil and is known to be fatal to gypsy moths. A commercial
preparation of Bt is used as an aerial spray to reduce gypsy moth caterpillar
populations. Bt kills only caterpillars; it is not toxic to humans, fish, wild
animals, or plants.
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL: Control of pests by means
of predators, parasites, and disease producing organisms.
BLOCK ADVISOR: Represents MDA in the field
to ensure implementation of the minimum bid specifications; investigates and
reports any aircraft incident involving personal injury or property damage;
verifies accuracy of information on the load site records.
BLOW-IN POTENTIAL: The potential for early
instar caterpillars to “balloon” into an area.
BUFFER: A 1/10-mile radium around a protected
site, this is then squared off for treatment ease.
CANOPY: The overhand of trees in a wooded area.
CHARACTERIZATION: The qualities of an aircraft
spray pattern, including effective swath width and droplet size.
CHEMICAL CONTROL: Control of the pest by means
of a pesticide chemical (i.e. Dimilin, Seven, Bt).
CLASS DESIGNATION: A description of a gypsy
moth population trend based on egg mass size and numbers (i.e. IA is a trend
of 1 and a population of 300 – 2,000 egg masses per acre).
COLLAPSE: The drop of a gypsy moth caterpillar
population to extremely low levels in a particular area. Lack of food in combination
with disease and predators can sometimes cause a collapse of the local gypsy
moth population.
COOPERATIVE AERIAL SUPPRESSION PROGRAM: An
aerial treatment program for gypsy moth which involves the county, MDA and USDA-FS
in a cooperative effort.
COUNTY CODE: The standard two digit code for
Michigan’s counties.
COUNTY COORDINATOR: Serves as administrator
of contract between county and aerial applicator; responds to questions from
the public and press; obtains vehicles to transport supplies and equipment;
locates storage for balloons, helium tanks and other needed articles; alerts
various law enforcement agencies, campers, hospitals, poison control centers,
and other necessary municipal agencies of program and material being used; supplies
detailed maps on which the areas to be treated have been delineated; provides
treatment block acreage lists to the record keeper at the loading site; verifies
accuracy of information on the load site record; ensures all balloon set points
are flagged prior to setting balloons; assists in coordinating emergency procedures;
determines when treatment may begin based on biological and meteorological conditions
or treatment must be terminated for similar reasons.
DEFOLIATION: Removal of leaves from plants
(in this case, trees and shrubs). Manure gypsy moth caterpillars will eat several
leaves each day.
DIFLUBENZURON (Dimilin): A growth regulator
of gypsy moth which kills the larvae by preventing a chemical in the skin from
forming.
DIGITIZE: The process of converting map data
into digital computer data.
DIRECT COSTS: Costs which may be charged directly
to costs objectives. Eligible expenses are those incurred directly for spray
program, i.e., salaries, fringes, travel costs, supplies, materials, equipment,
surveying, GPS expenses, planning, training, spraying, and evaluating.
EGG MASS: A mass of eggs laid by the female
gypsy moth. The number of eggs range from 50 to about 1,000; the average in
Michigan is about 400 eggs per mass. The mass is usually buff colored and ranges
from ½ to ¾ inches long.
EGG MASS TREND: A number (1,2, or 3) to describe
the proportion of new to old egg masses.
- More new than old egg
masses
- Approximately the same
- More old than new egg
masses
ELIGIBLE AREAS:
Areas defined as one of the five priority categories.
ENDANGERED SPECIES:
Any species that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant
part of its range. Endangered species are designated in the Federal Register
by the Secretary of the Interior.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
STATEMENT (EIS): Any agency’s official position on its responsibilities
under the National Environmental Policy Act. The statement is prepared after
comments have been received and considered on a draft edition.
ERADICATION:
The elimination of an organism from a geographical area for a specified time.
FACT SHEETS:
Information sheet, distributed by MSU’s Extension Office, which deals
with one area of the gypsy moth.
FAVORED TREE SPECIES:
Species of trees preferred by gypsy moth caterpillars.
FIELD EVALUATION:
The process of gathering information from the actual site of treatment.
FOLIAGE:
The leaf area of the tree.
GEOGRPAHIC INFORMATION
SYSTEM (GIS): Data storage and display system that ties data elements
to geographic locations. It allows different types of information to by displayed
on the same map.
GLOBAL POSITIONING
SYSTEM (GPS): A method of determining geographic location by using
radio signals received from satellites.
GRANT AGREEMENT:
The Michigan Department of Agriculture offers the County grant assistance
subject to the terms, conditions, and limitations as set forth. Reimbursement
will be made for each of two programmatic periods: Period 1: October 1 to June
30, Period 2: July 1 through September 30.
HOST: An
organism that harbors and provides nourishment for a parasite.
INDIRECT COSTS:
Costs incurred for the benefit of the grant but which cannot readily be assigned
to it. Most commonly referred to as “overhead” costs, i.e., office
space, legal counsel, and expense of staff not working directly on the program.
INFESTATION LEVELS:
The numbers of a given pest (adult, larvae or eggs) in a specific area.
INSECTICIDE:
Any substance or preparation used for killing insects.
INSTARS:
A stage of caterpillar growth. Each of the five to six instars roughly corresponds
to caterpillar length. For instance, at the 4th through 6th instars, the caterpillars
are between 2 and 2.5 inches long.
INSTITUTIONS:
An established building other than commercial or residential where there could
be a large congregation of people outside (i.e., schools, hospitals, etc.).
INTEGRATED PEST
MANAGEMENT (IPM): Uses all strategies for pest control; includes the
pest’s life cycle, organic and inorganic products, and other tools.
LARVAL STAGE:
The immature stage of a moth’s life cycle also called a caterpillar.
LICENSED AERIAL
APPLICATOR: A pesticide applicator licensed by the Michigan Department
of Agriculture to apply products from an aircraft.
LOAD SITE RECORD:
A form that is used in the program to record the pesticide used, rate/acre,
BIU acres, acres/gallon, lot number, seal #s, retain sample number, specific
gravity. Detailed information such as take off time, landing time, beginning
gallons, gallons loaded, gallons on board, gallons remaining, gallons used,
air temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction and blocks treated.
LYMANTRIA DISPAR
L.: The Latin genus and species name of the gypsy moth.
MOLT: The
process a caterpillar goes through as it grows in size. The molting process
occurs as the larva goes from one instar to another through shedding its skin.
MONITORING:
To observe, record, or detect (an operation or condition). To observe and record
gypsy moth activity.
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL
POLICY ACT (NEPA): Establishes a national policy to encourage productive
and enjoyable harmony between men and the environment; promote efforts that
will prevent or eliminate damage to the environment and stimulate the health
and welfare of man; enrich the understanding of the ecological systems and natural
resources important to the nation; and establish a Council on Environmental
Quality.
NUCLEO POLYHEDROSIS
VIRUS (NPV): A parasitic virus that attacks the gypsy moth, a natural
enemy.
OBJECTOR BUFFERS:
A non-sprayed perimeter area around a resident’s (objector’s) property.
OOENCYRTUS KUVANAE:
A minute parasite wasp that attacks gypsy moth eggs.
OUTBREAK:
A sudden large increase in an insect’s population.
PARALLET SWATH LINES:
Side by side lines resulting from spray that was applied by a commercial sprayer
or aircraft. A swath is the overall effective width of spray pattern.
PARASITE INTRODUCTION:
To introduce a parasite into a given area.
PASSIVE GYPSY MOTH
INTRODUCTION: Gypsy moth movement into an area without intentional
interference of the population.
PHEROMONE:
A scent given off by insects which influences the behavior of the same species
(and in some cases, other species as well).
PHEROMONE TRAP:
A cardboard structure used to capture male gypsy moths by attracting them with
pheromone; population expansion can then be monitored.
PLAT MAP:
Have listing of county’s legal description on property boundaries within
the county.
PROGRAM PRIORITY
CATEGORIES: Categories 1 through 5. A block must fit into one or more
categories to be eligible to qualify for treatment.
- Residential –
multiple dwelling and forested
- Public recreational
– high use
- Private recreational
– high use
- Public special use
- Private special use
– single residents
PROPOSED BUDGET
(COUNTY): County submits a proposed budget (salaries and wages, fringe
benefits, travel expenses, general expenditures, itemized indirect expenses)
and sends to the MDA Program Manager.
PROPOSED TREATMENT
BLOCK: Annual treatment block development consists of two parts: 2)
identifying eligible lands; and 2) assessing gypsy moth infestation levels.
PUPA: The
state of gypsy moth development between caterpillar and the adult moth.
QUALIFIED ACRES
(GROSS ACREAGE): These are acres that meet the minimum egg mass density
requirement.
QUARANTINE –
GYPSY MOTH: A restriction on movement of plants, animals, and personal
property that have potential to transport gypsy moth life stages from regulated/quarantined
areas. Before a quarantined article can be shipped across state lines, it must
meet certain prescribed conditions.
REFOLIATE:
When a tree produces a new set of leaves after insects or disease consumes the
original set.
REGULATED AREA(S):
The area that is quarantined. Areas where gypsy moth is permanently established
and reproducing, and from which APHIS regulates the movement of materials such
as household goods, nursery stock, and other commodities in order to prevent
artificial movement of gypsy moth life stages to uninfested areas of the United
States.
REIMBURSEMENT:
To pay back a percentage of money spent on allowable expenses incurred by participating
counties, while operating a gypsy moth suppression program.
RESIDENCE:
Any place of human habitation including permanent and seasonal dwellings.
SCOPING QUESTIONS/ANSWERS:
Public Scoping meetings or alternate scoping methods must be used to solicit
the scope of community concerns including the desire for a treatment program,
insecticides that may be used. Qualifying parameters are required in the Environmental
Impact Statement (EIS) plan and determining environmental sensitive areas.
SPRAY BLOCK:
An area meeting all MDA criteria and approved for aerial treatment by the MDA.
SUPPRESSION:
To reduce local populations of gypsy moth to tolerable levels.
SUPPRESSION PROGRAM:
A voluntary program where Federal dollars reimburse costs for aerial spraying
of qualified county acres.
SUPPRESSION SPRAY:
A pesticide registered for use on gypsy moths that is applied by aircraft onto
plants that the gypsy moth feed on. (Example: Bt-Bacillus thuringiensis; which
is used for the MDA voluntary Suppression Program)
THREATENED &
ENDANGERED SPECIES (T & E): Any plant or animal that is likely
to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future in all, or a significant
portion, of its range. Threatened species are defined in the Federal Register
by the Secretary of the Interior.
TREATMENT AREA:
An area that is eligible for the Gypsy Moth Suppression Program, which has been
identified, numbered, and boundaries drawn on a plat map.
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